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Literariness is an open access collection of notes inviting everyone to explore the unfathomable English Language, Literature, and Theory. Feel free to discover and share knowledge.
Contributor: Nasrullah Mambrol
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Transformational Generative Grammar
In the 1950s, Noam Chomsky introduced into linguistics the notion of a generative grammar, which has proved to be very influential. Now there are very many different types of generative grammar which can be conceived of, and Chomsky himself defined… Read More ›
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Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics, or the study of language in relation to society, is a relative newcomer to the linguistic fold. It wasn’t until the early 1960s, largely as a result of William Labov’s work in America, and Peter Trudgill’s in Britain, that… Read More ›
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NTA UGC NET English June 2020 Shift 2 Questions and Answers
1 Answer: 3 2 Answer: 3 3. Answer: 2 4. Answer: 1 5 Answer: 2 6 Answer: 2 7 Answer: 2 8 Answer: 4 9 Answer: 3 10 Answer: 3 11 Answer: 2 12 Answer: 2 13 Answer: 3 14… Read More ›
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NTA UGC NET English June 2020 Questions and Answers
1 Answer: 1 2. Answer: 4 3. Answer: 1 4. Answer: 4 5. Answer: 3 6. Answer: 2 7. Answer: 2 8. Answer: 1 9. Answer: 4 10. Answer: 2 11. … Read More ›
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Lecturer in English Kerala PSC Questions 2020
All questions are compulsory. 1. Write a brief note on Blending.2. What are the major themes explained by Andrew Marvel in ‘To His Coy Mistress’?3. What are Nasals?4. How does S.T. Coleridge differentiate between fancy and imagination?5. Explain briefly Laura… Read More ›
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Anthropological Criticism
There is no one clearly defined anthropological criticism, but anthropology, traditionally defined as “the study of man,” has made its impact felt in literary criticism in multiple ways through the twentieth century. The rise of comparative evolutionary anthropology in the… Read More ›
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Archetypal Criticism
Archetypal theory and criticism, although often used synonymously with Myth theory and crticism, has a distinct history and process. The term “archetype” can be traced to Plato (arche, “original”; typos, “form”), but the concept gained currency in twentieth-century literary theory… Read More ›
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New Historicism
In 1982 Stephen Greenblatt edited a special issue of Genre on Renaissance writing, and in his introduction to this volume he claimed that the articles he had solicited were engaged in a joint enterprise, namely, an effort to rethink the… Read More ›
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Phenomenology
Phenomenology is a philosophy of experience. For phenomenology the ultimate source of all meaning and value is the lived experience of human beings. All philosophical systems, scientific theories, or aesthetic judgments have the status of abstractions from the ebb and… Read More ›
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Stylistics
Treatises devoted to the study of style can be found as early as Demetrius’s On Style (C.E. 100). But most pre-twentieth-century discussions appear as secondary components of rhetorical and grammatical analyses or in general studies of literature and literary language…. Read More ›
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Textual Criticism
Textual criticism provides the principles for the scholarly editing of the texts of the cultural heritage. In the Western world, the tradition and practice of collecting, tending, and preserving records was first instituted in the Hellenistic period. The great library… Read More ›
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Value Theory
The study of value, called axiology, has three main branches: ethics, concerning the morally good; political theory, concerning the social good; and aesthetics, concerning the beautiful, or taste. One might perhaps add another branch, pragmatics, which concerns the utilitarian good… Read More ›
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Russian Formalism
Russian Formalism, a movement of literary criticism and interpretation, emerged in Russia during the second decade of the twentieth century and remained active until about 1930. Members of what can be loosely referred to as the Formalist school emphasized first… Read More ›
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Renaissance Literary Theory and Criticism
For its contribution to Renaissance literary culture at large, Renaissance literary criticism is a tentative and often unsatisfying body of work, shedding less light on that culture than might be hoped. The most durably interesting texts have proven to be… Read More ›
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Reception Theory
Reception theory, the approach to literature that concerns itself first and foremost with one or more readers’ actualization of the text, is based on a collective enterprise that has had far-reaching institutional consequences. Hans Robert Jauss, with his University of… Read More ›
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Reader-Response Criticism
Reader-response criticism can be traced as far back as Aristotle and Plato, both of whom based their critical arguments at least partly on literature’s effect on the reader. It has more immediate sources in the writings of the French structuralists… Read More ›
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Prague Linguistic Circle
Twentieth-century semiotics and structuralism emerged simultaneously from the same source: the postpositivistic paradigm initiated by Ferdinand de Saussure and Russian formalism. The first systematic formulation of semiotic structuralism came from scholars of the Prague Linguistic Circle (PLC), who are now… Read More ›
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Analysis of Tennessee Williams’s Orpheus Descending
Orpheus Descending (1957) is set in Two Rivers County, Mississippi. The action takes place in the Torrance Mercantile Store, owned and run by Jabe and Lady Torrance. It is a two-story building with the store in the lower portion and… Read More ›
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Analysis of Tennessee Williams’s The Night of the Iguana
Unlike all of his earlier plays except Camino Real, The Night of the Iguana (1959) is set outside the United States and does not in any significant sense concern southerners. It also differs from almost all the plays after The… Read More ›
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Analysis of Tennessee Williams’s Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
One of Williams’s more famous works and his personal favorite, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1955. This three-act play is set in the Pollitts’ stately home, a Southern plantation in the fertile… Read More ›