Transcendentalism is a philosophical and religious way of thinking that manifested itself in particular, if not necessarily uniform, ways. Though some of its ideas about individualism and nature can be traced to the late eighteenth century and to European thinkers… Read More ›
American Literary History
The Fireside Poets
The Romantic view of the poet as a rebellious visionary whose work cuts across the grain of popular taste does not take into account the other strain in nineteenth-century poetry that confirmed cultural norms and rewarded writers who appealed to… Read More ›
Letters as Literature
Letters written in the past often are regarded as personal documents by present-day readers: one person writing informally to one other person, with an expectation of privacy. This model of letter writing is fairly far from the reality of letter… Read More ›
African American Literature and the Harlem Renaissance
The early post–Civil War promise of equal protection and increased civil rights for African Americans was eviscerated by decades of Jim Crow laws, culminating in the 1896 Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson that sanctioned legalized racial segregation. This… Read More ›
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