The word chivalry derives from the French term cheval, or horse, and those practicing chivalry in medieval times possessed highly developed horseback-riding skills. Dressed in armor during times of battle and known as knights, from a term that originally meant… Read More ›
The Chartist movement, or Chartism, refers to an English social-reform movement from 1838 to 1848, based on the belief that Parliamentary legislation could correct economic and social exploitation. In 1837, the London Working Men’s Association submitted a program titled the… Read More ›
William Hale White first fictionalized his attempts to escape his childhood’s Calvinistic training by writing an autobiography under the name of Mark Rutherford. He later used his own name when he published another serious exploration of the conflict caused by… Read More ›
Maria Edgeworth broke new narrative ground with her 1800 novel, Castle Rackrent. While her methodology of developing an imaginary hero who writes a memoir “edited” by an author had been popular since Robinson Crusoe (1719), she developed a new approach… Read More ›
Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto proved crucial to the development of Gothic fiction. As indicated by the book’s subtitle, Walpole (1717–97) designed it to provide readers with a romance incorporating a dark, moody villain, an endangered heroine, a hero… Read More ›
Serialized between January 1864 and August 1865, Anthony Trollope’s first in his Palliser series, Can You Forgive Her? proved instantly popular. Based on reworked material from his failed comedy The Noble Jilt, its plot focuses on Victorian discontent with social… Read More ›
Sir Walter Scott based his novel The Bride of Lammermoor, second in his Tales of My Landlord series, on a true tragic love story about a Scottish family named Dalrymple, supported by fictional accounts, poetry, and popular ballad versions. He… Read More ›
Founded and published by William Blackwood, Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine appeared monthly between April 1817 and December 1905. Edited in the beginning by James Pringle and Thomas Cleghorn, it was titled Blackwood’s Edinburgh Monthly for its first six issues. Blackwood assumed… Read More ›
Just as writers before her sought to expose abuses against the working class, Anna Sewell, in her enduring children’s novel Black Beauty, exposed abuses against animals. Although ostensibly written for children ages nine through twelve, adults also loved the book…. Read More ›
Like most fiction written for boys in the late 19th century, Richard Jefferies’s Bevis, the Story of a Boy is an adventure novel. Its main characters enjoy their own quest, as its plot mimics that of adult adventure novels in… Read More ›
George Meredith’s 1876 novel, Beauchamp’s Career, appeared serially in The Fortnightly Review between August 1874 and December 1875, becoming notable for its keen insight into the politics of England at the century’s end. It features the life of a politician,… Read More ›
William Makepeace Thackeray’s first novel, The Luck of Barry Lyndon: A Romance of the Last Century by Fitz-Boodle [The Memoirs of Barry Lyndon, Esq.], appeared in Fraser’s Magazine as a monthly serial in 1844. It was later revised and released… Read More ›
Barchester Towers was Anthony Trollope’s second in a group of novels, following The Warden (1855), later called the Barsetshire sequence. Published in 1857, it featured Trollope’s trademark interest in religion as politics. In his focus on who would receive the… Read More ›
Called by critics a confessional “novel in verse,” Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Aurora Leigh represented a sustained cry for human intellectual and creative freedom, more specifically, for women’s independence. A Künstlerroman, or story of the maturation of a young writer, the… Read More ›
Unlike Sir Walter Scott’s heroic adventure novels, The Antiquary, third in his series of Waverley novels and his declared favorite, follows the foibles of a character named Jonathan Oldbuck who studies historic times. As his name symbolizes, and his title… Read More ›
Thomas Hope’s Anastasius, or Memoirs of a Greek, reached instant popularity. The anonymously published three-volume novel was at first credited to George Gordon, Lord Byron, who had written popular accounts of the Near East; Hope later claimed authorship in Blackwood’s… Read More ›
Henry James published The American first as a serial in The Atlantic Monthly between June 1876 and May 1877, then as a volume in 1877. Born an American, James made his first extended visit to Europe at age 26, returned… Read More ›
The last of George Meredith’s novels, The Amazing Marriage resembles his previous works in its defense of women against men’s errors. In his fiction and real life, Meredith declared man to be in need of woman, who could educate and… Read More ›
Charles Kingsley’s second novel, Alton Locke, guaranteed his fame as a writer about controversial topics. A clergyman, Kingsley regularly attacked social injustice and supported laborers’ rights. Like other socially conscious writers including George Gissing, Kingsley publicized inexcusable conditions in which… Read More ›
Henry Rider Haggard wrote Allan Quatermain as a sequel to his popular first novel, King Solomon’s Mines (1885). An instant best-seller, it appeared as a serial in Longman’s Magazine between January and August of 1887. As a young fan, Winston… Read More ›
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